The mistake many individual developers is to ensure that the deeper laid the foundation for the better, and that such a solution in itself ensures its reliable performance and stability. Indeed, at the location of foundation base below the soil freezing frost vertical forces swelling cease to operate on her bottom, but the tangential forces of frost heaving, acting on the sides of the can and in this case, pull out the right foundation, along with the frozen ground or pull it off the upper part of the bottom. Such cases are most likely to occur when constructing the foundations of stone, brick or small blocks, especially for light buildings and structures. To prevent deformation of the foundations on heaving soils, it is necessary not only to place them below the sole of soil freezing and thereby get rid of the immediate pressure of frozen soil below, but you must also neutralize the tangential forces of frost swelling, acting on the lateral surface of the basement. For this purpose, can be applied in the following activities of foundations: sloping walls, plastering walls, preventing them from freezing ground, vertical reinforcement, connecting the upper and lower part of the foundation, anchor the device at the bottom of the foundation, insulation blind area to reduce the depth of soil freezing, drying the soil drainage. To cover the lateral surfaces of the foundation to create a sliding layer using waste oil or polyethylene film. The surface layer of soil can warm a slag, expanded clay, agloporite, foam.
This method, allows to reduce the local depth of soil freezing can be applied to previously constructed foundations melkozaglublennyh "need protection from frost heaving. During the construction of buildings on steeply relief must take into account the lateral earth pressure, its possible shift. The magnitude of this pressure depends on many factors (slope of the slope, soil composition and hydro-geological, etc.) and difficult to transfer. Usually in these circumstances more reliable conveyor foundations, rigidly connected to the trial and transverse directions. Pier foundation in this case firmly together on top of the reinforced concrete belt (grillage) to all structural elements working together.
Works on the foundations should be started after the preparation of basic building materials so as to build a house and putting it into operation carried out in one construction season. The foundations, built in heaving soils and abandoned for the winter with no load (no walls, floors and roof) may be deformed. Unanticipated strain can happen in the case when the house was built in the winter is not operated and is not heated, and the depth of the foundation was designed for the thermal regime of a heated house. Damage to foundations and walls of the basement possibly due to insufficient depth of the basement area and its poor-quality masonry, wetting or freezing in the construction process.
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